MY PROJECT - PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF NEEM LEAVES

 

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF NEEM LEAVES

•    What is Phytochemical?                                               Phytochemical generally are those compound which produced by plants.
•    What is mean by preliminary phytochemical test?                           Preliminary phytochemical test are the test use for identification purpose.
•    Antibacterial property, Explain                                              This is the collective term for all active principles that generally inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Here in the phytochemical test aqueous and organic extract prepared from plant samples like, 

1. Ethyl acetate 
2. Acetone
3. Ethanol
4. Beutyl alcohol 
5. Distilled water 

Why to chemical analysis of plant except gives positive result phytochemical to Chemicals like saponins ,tannins,phenols ,protein glycoside, terpenoid, carbohydrate flavonoid, etc.

Phytochemical analysis of neem leaves extract preparation - 

Ethyl Acetate extract - Take 5 gram leaves converted into fine powder add 50 ml Ethyl Acetate solvent after 24 hours the solvent was filter by using filter paper and Store at 4 degree Celsius for further use. 

Acetone extract use- Take 5 gram leaves converted into fine powder had 50 ml Acetone solvent for overnight after 24 hours filter by filter paper and Store at 4 degree celsius in a beaker for further use. 

......... 

( prepared different solvent extract by the same method)

How to test phytochemicals? 

1. Saponins - take few ml extract 20 ml distilled water added to the test tube test tube is continuously shake on for 10 minutes the formation of form confirm is a presence of saponins. 
2. Phenol- take to ML extract of is solvent to ML 5% alcoholic chloride where added formation of blue colour indicate the presence of phenols in the sample. 
3. Protein - take to ML extract of ISS solvent add in IT 1 ml 40% NaOH few drops of 1% copper sulphate formation of violet colour indicate is a presence of peptide linkage molecule in the sample. 
4. carbohydrates - take 1 ml extra 2 ML Malish Reagent is added the mixture is second well and 2 ml of concentrated sulphuric  acid is added slowly along the sides of the test tube a red is ring form indicate the presence of carbohydrates. 

Flavonoids - take to ML extract and few drops of 20% Sodium Hydroxide formation of intense yellow colour its observed to this few drops of 17% dilute hydrochloric acid added yellow colour was disappeared formation of disappearance of yellow colour indicate the presence of flavonoids in the sample. 

These are the Different test looks like... 

The result of the test - 

Antibacterial properties - 

Generally neem is known as a medicinal plant and you shows number of antibacterial antiviral and antifungal properties. Agar will diffusion method has used to determine the anti microbial activities by using different extract against Gram positive bacteria and Gram Negative bacteria. For this process we have to take one as to 10 ratio in 6 different organic solvent has been told you Acetone etc and E coli suspension is prepared in nutrient this culture is incubate for 24 hours. And percentage of bacterial growth inhibition was calculated. 

BGI (%) =  dc - dt÷dc × 100 

where,

 dc= growth diameter in control 

dt= growth diameter in treatment

The result of anti microwave activity of neem leaves determine by dis diffusion method all the exact of neem leaves show the antique bacterial activity against E. Colistrains. The ethanol extract of neem leaves showed maximum growth inhibition 15 mm against Gram positive bacteria and 14 mm against Gram Negative bacteria. The Acetone extract shoes maximum growth inhibition 12 mm against the Gram positive bacteria and 12 mm against equal E coli. Beutyl alcohol extract shows maximum growth inhibition 13 mm against Gram positive bacteria and 11 mm against E coli here distil water use as a control.  

 Result - 

this is the result of antimicrobial testing .....